How does the FAA classify aircraft based on weight?

The classification of aircraft based on weight as "Heavy," "Large," and "Small" is established by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to create a standardized understanding of the different categories of aircraft regarding their operational characteristics, safety regulations, and air traffic control considerations.

The "Heavy" category includes aircraft that weigh 255,000 pounds or more, which typically encompasses large commercial airliners and cargo planes. The "Large" category covers aircraft that weigh between 41,000 and 255,000 pounds, including regional jets and larger business jets. Meanwhile, the "Small" category is designated for aircraft that weigh less than 41,000 pounds, which often consists of general aviation aircraft such as light airplanes and small jets.

This classification system is crucial for air traffic management and operational procedures because it helps define how aircraft interact with one another in the airspace and on the ground, influencing aspects such as separation requirements and runway use. Each category addresses the different performance capabilities and operational needs of the aircraft types, leading to safer and more efficient air traffic operations.